Bathroom faucets: making the right choice

Faucets are valves that deliver water to a sink, washbasin or bathtub. They mix hot and cold water in one of two ways.

1. Single-handle (also called single-lever or single-control) faucets have garnered a large share of the market in recent years. Water flow and water temperature are controlled by moving the single lever handle up and down, and to the left and right, respectively. This type of faucet is ideal for anyone with reduced grip or physical disabilities, since the water volume and temperature can be controlled easily with one hand.

2. Two-handle faucets have two separate handles – one for hot water and one for cold water – and a common spout. This type of faucet allows for accurate adjustment.

A valve mechanism inside the faucet controls the hot and cold water flow. This mechanism can take the form of a compression washer, a washerless cartridge (reliable and easy to maintain), or ceramic discs (requiring virtually no maintenance).

Thermostatic mixing valves, available on single-lever faucets, regulate water temperature to prevent scalding or sudden cold water, for example, if someone flushes a toilet or puts the washing machine on while another person is showering. Pressure-balance mixing valves maintain constant water pressure.

Temperature memory systems allow you to set a preferred temperature and keep it constant.

A maximum temperature limit safety feature, set when installing the faucet, determines the maximum water temperature in order to prevent scalding.

Some models of faucets are equipped with motion sensors. Commonly used in public washrooms, these faucets are becoming increasingly popular on the residential market, especially in homes with children or people with reduced mobility.

High-tech electronic devices are now available which allow water temperature and flow to be adjusted by remote control.

Flow control

Controlling water flow helps to save water and reduce clean  and hot water consumption costs. Faucets for tubs, showers or tub/shower units must have a maximum flow rate of 2.5 gpm (9.5 L/min). Some models deliver 1.75 gpm (6.6 L/min).

An automatic shut-off mechanism will turn the water off whenever the faucet it is not in use, simply by blocking the water supply. When the faucet is turned on again, the temperature does not need to be readjusted. This system also keeps water consumption to a minimum and prevents overflow or flooding caused by leaving a faucet on.

Faucet maintenance can be summed up as follows:

• Clean the outside of the faucet regularly.
• Replace gaskets or O-rings if they become worn.
• Clean or replace the cartridge inside the faucet if necessary.

Most types of gaskets and cartridges can be found in stores, but if you are unable to find the part you are looking for, the faucet manufacturer should be able to supply it.

Replacing gaskets and cartridges is a simple process that can be carried out with regular tools. The screws to dismantle a faucet are easily accessible; they are usually concealed under a decorative plate or behind the handle cover.